A lathe, basically a turning machine works on the principle that a cutting tool can remove material in the form of chips from the rotating workpieces to produce circular objects. This is accomplished in a lathe which holds the workpieces rigidly and rotates them at high speeds while a cutting tool is moved against it.
EX: A workpiece held rigidly by one of the working devices, know as chunk, and is rotated at very high speed. A V-shaped cutting tool held against the workpiece opposite to its direction of rotation when moved parallel to the axis of the workpiece produces circular surfaces. The material of the tool will be harder and stronger than the material of the workpiece.
Lathe Specifications:
The size of the lathe is specified by the following:
1. Maximum diameter of the workpiece that can be revolved over the lathe bed. Instead of this sometimes, the height of the centers above the lathe bed is also specified. One of these specifications is given by the manufacturers; however both of them are loosely called as “Swing of the lathe”.
2. The maximum diameter and the width of the workpiece that can swing when the lathe has a gap bed.
3. The maximum length of the workpiece that can be mounted between the centers.
4. Overall length of the bed. It is the total length of the lathe itself.
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